Arduino Programming

1. Input devices: Interface a potentiometer analog input to maker UNO board and measure/show its signal in serial monitor Arduino IDE


The code I have used and its explanation:

Code/program in writable format

Explanation of the code

int sensorValue = 0; 

void setup() {

  // put your setup code here, to run once:

pinMode(A0, INPUT);

pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

Serial.begin (9600);

}


void loop() {

  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

sensorValue = analogRead(A0);

digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

delay(sensorValue);

digitalWrite(13, LOW);

delay(sensorValue);

}


The A0 input is connected to the potentiometer and the loop will read the sensor value.

The analog reading controls the LED brightness in pin 13 and the delay follows the sensor value as well.

Below are the hyperlink to the sources/references that I used to write this code/program

-

Below are the problems I have faced and how I fixed them

We goofed up and connected the anode and cathode at the opposite positions. This problem was fixed by trial and error as we switched the legs around.

Below is the video evidence on how the code/program works


2. Input devices: Interface an LDR to maker UNO board and measure/show its signal in the serial monitor Arduino IDE

The code I have used and its explanation:

Code/program in writable format

Explanation of the code

int light;

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

}


void loop() {

  light= analogRead(A0);

 if(light<50){

   digitalWrite(13, LOW); 

 }else{

   digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

 }

  Serial.println(light);

  delay(0);

}

This code sets up the serial monitor and connects the LDR to the analog A0. If the light level is below 50, pin 13 would be low and else it will be high. The serialprint allows the light level detected to be recorded and appear on the serial monitor.

Below are the hyperlink to the sources/references that I used to write this code/program

-

Below are the problems I have faced and how I fixed them

One of the problems we faced was not knowing how to set up the serial monitor. I managed to overcome it by asking around and with the information gathered from the people of higher intelligence, I managed to write down that one line of code that allowed everything to work.

Below is the video evidence on how the code/program works


3. Output devices: Interface 3 LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green) to maker UNO board and program it to perform something (flash or fade)

The code I have used and its explanation:

Code/program in writable format

Explanation of the code

int brightness = 0; 

void setup() {

  // put your setup code here, to run once:

pinMode(9, OUTPUT);

pinMode(10, OUTPUT);

pinMode(11, OUTPUT);

}


void loop() {

  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

for (brightness = 0; brightness <= 255; brightness ++);

analogWrite(9, brightness); 

delay(150);

analogWrite(10, brightness); 

delay(150);

analogWrite(11, brightness); 

delay(150);

{

for (brightness = 255; brightness >= 0; brightness --);

analogWrite(9, brightness); 

delay(150);

analogWrite(10, brightness); 

delay(150);

analogWrite(11, brightness); 

delay(150);

}


}


This code works by setting up pins 9, 10 and 11. A loop was created that sets the brightness of the LED bulbs connected to the 3 pins to light up from min 0 to max 255 with 150ms delay in between. Then, the LED bulbs would fade out from max 255 brightness to 0 brightness with 150ms delay in between. This creates an illusion of the 3 bulbs flashing and fading perpetually.

Below are the hyperlink to the sources/references that I used to write this code/program

-

Below are the problems I have faced and how I fixed them

The issues we faced while making this problem include confusions due to the massive number of wires we used. This confusion caused us to mix up our wiring and flip the anode and cathode connections for all of our LED bulbs. After going outside for a walk and consolidating our thoughts, we managed to calm down and sort out our wiring issue, which allowed us to tackle this task and make the flashing lights.

Below is the video evidence on how the code/program works


4. Output devices: Include pushbutton to start/stop the previous task

The code I have used and its explanation:

Code/program in writable format

Explanation of the code

int brightness = 0; 

void setup() {

  // put your setup code here, to run once:

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(2, INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(9, OUTPUT);

pinMode(10, OUTPUT);

pinMode(11, OUTPUT);

}


void loop() {

int sensorVal = digitalRead(2);

  //print out the value of the pushbutton

  Serial.println(sensorVal);

  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

   if (sensorVal == HIGH) {

    digitalWrite(9,LOW);

    digitalWrite(10,LOW);

    digitalWrite(11,LOW);

for (brightness = 0; brightness <= 255; brightness ++);

analogWrite(9, brightness); 

delay(150);

analogWrite(10, brightness); 

delay(150);

analogWrite(11, brightness); 

delay(150);

 } else {

    for (int i=0; i < 5; i++)

    {

      digitalWrite(9,HIGH);

      delay(500);

      digitalWrite(9,LOW);

      delay(500);

      digitalWrite(10,HIGH);

      delay(500);

      digitalWrite(10,LOW);

      delay(500);

      digitalWrite(11,HIGH);

      delay(500);

      digitalWrite(11,LOW);

      delay(500);

  

{

for (brightness = 255; brightness >= 0; brightness --);

analogWrite(9, brightness); 

delay(150);

analogWrite(10, brightness); 

delay(150);

analogWrite(11, brightness); 

delay(150);

}

    }

}}

This code works by having the button sensor give values to turn on the LED light bulbs when the sensor value is low and turn the LED off when the sensor value is high. A loop occurs to cause the lights to flash and fade perpetually using the code for the flashing and fading LED from above.

Below are the hyperlink to the sources/references that I used to write this code/program

-

Below are the problems I have faced and how I fixed them

The issue faced here was due to a lack of understanding of mechanics in Arduino. We copied the code for the button and it was incomplete. After hours of looking and sleepless nights, 


Below is the video evidence on how the code/program works


Below are my thoughts and my learning reflection on the overall Arduino programming activities:

The Arduino programming activities are some of the most arduous tasks I have ever forced myself through in my entire life, I was sweating buckets and hyperventilating throughout the entire ordeal. However, with sufficient tenacity and resilience, I pulled through and managed to create something that works.

We were tasked in building a large flying horse with wings that can flap continuously using the power of programming. Each pair was given a servo, one metal wire per pair and one cardboard origami horse construction set. We had to bring our own Arduino Uno kits and laptops to make the program. 

The tasks assigned to us include 

1. Making the horse wings flap

2. Making sure that the design is compact

3. Durable

4. Looks nice

5. And can perform another function

The building process:

To make the wings flap, we had to make use of a servo and one metal wire. 

The metal wire is to be coiled around the midpoint of the two wings under the horse as shown below:





Then, we had to assemble the horse. We attached the horse pieces together using the slot and tab cut out for us. To ensure that the servo does not stick out of the horse, we had to double sided tape it by its leg on the inside in order to conceal it the best we can. To attach the horse onto the flat cardboard piece, we cut out our own slot and tabs and stuck the horse's legs as slots into each tab.



Cutting out tabs be like:




The programming:

Then, we programmed the servo to control the wing flapping. After some trial and error trying to find the perfect angle to program, we did it.

Afterwards, we had to decide on the extra feature the horse can produce. To maximize cringe, we programmed the soundboard to play the my little pony (idk, that one show with the weird magical LSD horses) music whenever the horse is activated.

Combining the two functions, we get the code below:

Our code for the servo and music

/* Sweep

 by BARRAGAN <http://barraganstudio.com>

 This example code is in the public domain.


 modified 8 Nov 2013

 by Scott Fitzgerald

 https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LibraryExamples/Sweep

*/

#define NOTE_B0  31

#define NOTE_C1  33

#define NOTE_CS1 35

#define NOTE_D1  37

#define NOTE_DS1 39

#define NOTE_E1  41

#define NOTE_F1  44

#define NOTE_FS1 46

#define NOTE_G1  49

#define NOTE_GS1 52

#define NOTE_A1  55

#define NOTE_AS1 58

#define NOTE_B1  62

#define NOTE_C2  65

#define NOTE_CS2 69

#define NOTE_D2  73

#define NOTE_DS2 78

#define NOTE_E2  82

#define NOTE_F2  87

#define NOTE_FS2 93

#define NOTE_G2  98

#define NOTE_GS2 104

#define NOTE_A2  110

#define NOTE_AS2 117

#define NOTE_B2  123

#define NOTE_C3  131

#define NOTE_CS3 139

#define NOTE_D3  147

#define NOTE_DS3 156

#define NOTE_E3  165

#define NOTE_F3  175

#define NOTE_FS3 185

#define NOTE_G3  196

#define NOTE_GS3 208

#define NOTE_A3  220

#define NOTE_AS3 233

#define NOTE_B3  247

#define NOTE_C4  262

#define NOTE_CS4 277

#define NOTE_D4  294

#define NOTE_DS4 311

#define NOTE_E4  330

#define NOTE_F4  349

#define NOTE_FS4 370

#define NOTE_G4  392

#define NOTE_GS4 415

#define NOTE_A4  440

#define NOTE_AS4 466

#define NOTE_B4  494

#define NOTE_C5  523

#define NOTE_CS5 554

#define NOTE_D5  587

#define NOTE_DS5 622

#define NOTE_E5  659

#define NOTE_F5  698

#define NOTE_FS5 740

#define NOTE_G5  784

#define NOTE_GS5 831

#define NOTE_A5  880

#define NOTE_AS5 932

#define NOTE_B5  988

#define NOTE_C6  1047

#define NOTE_CS6 1109

#define NOTE_D6  1175

#define NOTE_DS6 1245

#define NOTE_E6  1319

#define NOTE_F6  1397

#define NOTE_FS6 1480

#define NOTE_G6  1568

#define NOTE_GS6 1661

#define NOTE_A6  1760

#define NOTE_AS6 1865

#define NOTE_B6  1976

#define NOTE_C7  2093

#define NOTE_CS7 2217

#define NOTE_D7  2349

#define NOTE_DS7 2489

#define NOTE_E7  2637

#define NOTE_F7  2794

#define NOTE_FS7 2960

#define NOTE_G7  3136

#define NOTE_GS7 3322

#define NOTE_A7  3520

#define NOTE_AS7 3729

#define NOTE_B7  3951

#define NOTE_C8  4186

#define NOTE_CS8 4435

#define NOTE_D8  4699

#define NOTE_DS8 4978


#include <Servo.h>



// notes in the melody:

int melody[] = {

  NOTE_D4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_F4, 0, NOTE_AS3, NOTE_C4, NOTE_AS3, NOTE_A3, NOTE_F3, 0, NOTE_G3, NOTE_A3, NOTE_AS3, NOTE_A3, NOTE_AS3, NOTE_C4

};


// note durations: 4 = quarter note, 8 = eighth note, etc.:

int noteDurations[] = {

  4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4

};


Servo myservo;  // create servo object to control a servo

// twelve servo objects can be created on most boards


int pos = 10;    // variable to store the servo position


void setup() {

  myservo.attach(9);  // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object

  // iterate over the notes of the melody:

  for (int thisNote = 0; thisNote < 18; thisNote++) {


    // to calculate the note duration, take one second divided by the note type.

    //e.g. quarter note = 1000 / 4, eighth note = 1000/8, etc.

    int noteDuration = 1000 / noteDurations[thisNote];

    tone(8, melody[thisNote], noteDuration);


    // to distinguish the notes, set a minimum time between them.

    // the note's duration + 30% seems to work well:

    int pauseBetweenNotes = noteDuration * 1.30;

    delay(pauseBetweenNotes);

    // stop the tone playing:

    noTone(8);

  }

}




void loop() {

  for (pos = 10; pos <= 180; pos += 1) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees

    // in steps of 1 degree

    myservo.write(pos);              // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

    delay(0);                       // waits 15 ms for the servo to reach the position

  }

  for (pos = 10; pos >= 180; pos -= 1) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees

    myservo.write(pos);              // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

    delay(0);                       // waits 15 ms for the servo to reach the position

  }

}


Beautifying:

With the code finished, we had to beautify our product in order to farm for extra marks. We decided to go with the my little pony LSD horses theme by coloring a rainbow on the rear of the horse and a rainbow trail behind the horse. However, given the horse's canonical gender and the servo placement, the design seem to also promote some shady liberal agenda...


Our final product:






Key takeaways:

In this practical, I have learnt that programming and Arduino are very important skills for the future. To normally make the wings flap, we had to put our finger under the horse and fiddle with the midpoint of its wings. With a servo and Arduino programming, you can stand aside and watch the wings flap itself. Programming allows us to automate our tasks and transform arduous tasks into something so easy and barely an inconvenience. Without these skills, the future will eliminate you and you will no longer be relevant.

Due to the importance of this practical, I grade it 11/10.




Comments

Post a Comment